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如何提高你的绘画和设计技巧

Posted on 二月 29th, 2012 by sever

谢谢大家花时间，来看我写的一些总结。虽然不全面，但希望能给初学者，提供一点有用的信息。
我会尽量更新她的。

我发现很多爱好者喜欢画人，人体真的是很难的 ，
因为人体，尤其是脸部，是由很多很多形体组成的，
如何把他们安排在正确的位置上，给他们正确的调子（灰度），
我个人认为才是所谓｛画的像｝的关键。
所以我觉得把练习方法，练习内容具体化，会比较容易解决问题。

———————-如何有效的练习———————–

我下面所说的练习，与其说绘画，可能更偏向概念设计。

不过我觉得很多东西都是相通的。

如果你有兴趣的话，请留下你的意见，和你对日常练习的提案。

我平时的练习大概如下：

1，3D SKETCH.(perspective 主要是练习透视)画各种物体的3d视图。画3／4视点。理解3d物体的结构。理解他们是由什么基本形体组成的。

2，SPEED PAINTING(value 主要是练习抓黑白灰，和分析色彩)练习观察调子的变化（value）。看，画，不要描照片。如果错了，用画笔修改，不要用橡皮，就像真的painting一样。paint not draw，我的意思是你要看物体的面，而不是面与面的交界线。通常｛涂｝，是看面，｛画｝当然也是看面，但是人们通常用线来区分面，然后在给各个面灰度，让线消失。｛涂｝就是上来直接画面，还有就是练习分析如何把3维空间的面，变成投影到2维画面上的图形，形状。

3，ANATOMY（human animal主要是为你的画提供一个有效的支撑）可以找照片，画骨骼。当然你要一本很好的艺用解剖学的书。下面有推荐。

4，THUMBNAIL(storyboarding，short design，composition 练习设计人物（怪物）的剪影，场景设计的空间，和镜头设计的构图)彩色的，黑白的。画你不熟悉的东西，找资料。

5，DESIGN BOARD（concept desing 主要是为你的设计增加可信度）设计，写上笔记。比如设计一把鱼竿，写上它是如何来使用的，就像画一个真实的鱼竿使用说明图一样。

6,TURN 2D TO 3D(perspective 练习你对形体的掌握情况，你要思考一个物体所占的空间。把你想到的形体，表现在空间中。不是看然后画，而是想然后画，并且画的符合自然规则。)(设计2d图案，然后把它们转换成3d)比如画一个圆，扣2个洞，然后把它变成一个圆柱体的横截面，然后画出整体。

7，LIFE DRAWING(主要目的是练习你的眼睛，实际的去看空间中的东西，多角度观察，然后画。从现实的观察中画，而不是看照片画。)我推荐大家找人体写生的教室，如果你的城市有的话，5分，10分，20分钟pose，带目的去练习，你才能很好的掌握人体。找一些好的人体解剖学的书。学习它们如何抽象复杂形体成简单的形体。然后自己去看模特，应用学到的知识去分析，理解。

我的练习本的地址：http://www.ccgaa.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=60873 虽然很无聊，不过还是可以让初学者参考一下。高手就请多多指点啦。

——————————关于书和资料的讨论———————————

－－－概念设计师应该有的3种书：
1，教科书（透视，色彩学，人体、生物解剖学之类）。
2，激发灵感的电影或游戏或其他的画册。
3，参考资料，比如建筑图集，武器，生物图鉴。百科全书。当然还要有小说。要能激发灵感的那种，而不是耍嘴皮扯淡的小说。

－－－推荐书目－－－

人体解剖学（人体相关）：
1，Figure Drawing：Design and Invention 作者: Michael Hampton
2，Force.Character.Design.From.Life.Drawing 作者: Mike Mattesi 中文版书名：力量－动画速写与角色设计 译者: ACG国际动画教育 / 吴伟 / 王颖
3，Force Dynamic life drawing for animators 作者: Mike Mattesi 中文版书名：彰显生命力－动态素描解析，译者: 程雪 / 孙博 / ACG国际动画教育
4，Dynamic Wrinkles and Drapery Solutions for Drawing the Clothed Figure 作者: Hogarth, Burne
5，Bridgman’s Complete Guide to Drawing from Life 作者: George Bridgman 中文版书名：伯里曼人体结构绘画教学 译者: 晓鸥 等
6，Anatomy.for.artists.-.Sarah.Simblet中文版书名：艺用人体解剖 译者: 徐焰 / 张燕文

动物画法：
1，An.Atlas.Of.Animal.Anatomy.For.Artists
2，How.to.Draw.Animals.Jack.Hamm[如何画动物]
3，The.Art.Of.Animal.Drawing Ken.Hultgren

野外风景画法：
1，On.Drawing.Trees.And.Nature
2，Watercolour.Landscape.Course.水彩
3，Seascapes.Landscapes(海景景观技法)

工业概念设计：
1， Drawing Techniques for Product Designers作者: Koos Eissen / Roselien Steur 这本书被翻译成了中文。名为：产品设计手绘技法，译者: 陈苏宁

绘画基本技法：
1，Imaginative Realism How to Paint What Doesn’t Exist 作者: James Gurney
2，素描的诀窍 作者: [美] 伯特·多德森 译者: 蔡强译
3，Framed Ink 作者: Marcos Mateu-Mestre

建筑设计：

卡通漫画：
1，游戏动画角色设计 作者: 苏海涛 绘
2，梦想世界:动画美术设计 译者: 若雪
3，100招学会角色概念设计 作者：（美）蔡逸南

平面设计：

1，Do.Good.Design 作者: David B. Berman

透视理论：

1，Perspective mad easy 作者: Ernest R. Norling
2，Perspective Drawing Handbook [hilitecolor=rgb(255, 255, 255)]作者: Joseph D’Amelio[/hilitecolor]

色彩学：

1,Color and Light A Guide for the Realist Painter 作者: James Gurney
2,Light for Visual Artists 副标题: Understanding & Using Light in Art & Design

艺术书（作品集，原画集）：
1，乐艺·场景——国际顶级数字艺术家佳作赏析 作者: LeewiART
2，乐艺•角色:国际顶级数字艺术家佳作赏析 作者: LeewiART
3，乐艺•插画:国际顶级数字艺术家佳作赏析 作者: LeewiART
4，出版社: Design Studio Press出的作品集，都很cool。如：Worlds，Lift Off，Alien Race，Start Your Engines，concept design 1，Concept Design 2 ，Exodyssey。

数字绘画技法：
1，国际顶级数字艺术大师佳作鉴赏（系列）作者: 3DTotal 编（这个是中文版，不过这个系列的中文版 的1有些问题，我写在了豆瓣上。）（英文名 Digital Art Masters）
2，3D.Total.Digital.Painting.Tutorial.Series.v01.Elements
3，3D.Total.Digital.Painting.Tutorial.Series.v02.Elements

参考书：

－－－推荐网站和论坛:

概念设计论坛

http://www.conceptart.org/

朱峰设计

http://www.artbyfeng.com/index.html

3dtotal网站，他们出版电子杂志《2DArtist》

http://www.3dtotal.com/

CGHUB

http://cghub.com/

图片参考网站

http://www.flickr.com/（大陆可能看不到）

http://lovecastle.org/draw/

——————————关于作品集的讨论——————————

要想 成为专业的概念设计师，你应该避免在作品集中出现一下内容：
1，过于直接的暴力描写。
2，没有任何意义的性感美女。
3，fan art。
4，永远永远不要模仿或者抄袭别人的设计。（这个可能会毁掉你的职业生涯）
5，避开可能会冒犯别人的主题，比如宗教和真实的战争题材。
6，很学生的作品。静物素描之类。要用你的作品去体现你的知识。

———————-10条建议，让你成为更好的艺术家 —————————

10 Top Tips To Become a Better Artist

To become a better artist takes years of dedication, passion, energy and time.
There are no short cuts but here are some art tips to send you in the right direction.
I hope you enjoy what I have wrote here and look forward to the community’s response.
成为一个艺术家，需要持之以恒的努力和源源不断的激情，没有捷径可循。这里的10条建议，仅能给你指明一个方向而已。

Tip 1: Learn the Importance of the Sketch

1，速写，或者说画草图，很重要。

Sketching is one of those things that every artist MUST do and do often.
Sketches don’t have to be perfect, nor do you have to show them to anyone.
They can be as rough or as scratchy as you like but the thing to keep in mind is it’s readability.
The purpose of a sketch is to quickly illustrate or develop an idea you have,
to capture or study some form of reference so that it can be worked on at a latter date.
Because of this, the sketch only needs to convey the right information to you and you alone
(unless you are drawing an idea out for a client then the message needs to be crystal clear).

速写，每个艺术家都要必须，而且经常做。速写，没有必要追求完美，也没有必要展示给别人，速写的目的是快速记录你的想法。学习和研究你的参考对象，记住你的速写就像一本笔记，记录你需要的信息。 （除非你要向你的客户展示你的设计，那就要画的很详细，易懂了。）

Tip 2: Draw, Draw and Draw Some More!

2，画，不停的画

This is a similar tip to the first but what I mean by this is draw anything that comes to mind or visually interests you.
Sketch on the bus, train, in bed and even on the toilet. Seriously! The more you draw from your mind and from reference,
the better you will become and the quicker your skills will develop.
Take the time to doodle lots of different subjects and in lots of different environments
as this will all help build up a mental cataloge of images to draw upon latter when you may become stuck for ideas or inspiration.

这个看起来可能和第一条有点象，但是在这条里，我想说，要去画任何你想到，看到的，让你感兴趣的东西，画，不分地点，时间，画不同的物体，画你不熟悉的东西。你画的越多，你就变的越厉害。 而且这些练习，会帮助你在你的脑子里建立一个资料库，日后，你创作的时候，就可以用到它们了。

Tip 3: Build a Reference Library

3，建立你自己的博物馆

This is a great tip that I learned from years back. As you begin to fill sketch books with illustrations of ideas and reference material,
you should build up that stack of books with more books.
By this I mean buying art books, books on clothing, guns, tanks, other cultures, animals etc.
The list of what you should look into is endless and should extend beyond your general interests.
But it mustn’t stop there.
You should also collect images off of the internet and save them to your computer and organize them correctly.
Take photos of things you see if you don’t have time to sketch them.
The purpose is to have a nice big collection of images that inspire you, inflame your imagination and, more specifically,
if you need to draw something right, having the material there to draw from will add realism and clarity to your work.

这一条是在过去的几年中我学到的很重要的经验，在你不停的画你的设计，画那些现实重的物体的同时，你应该去收集更多更多的书，去买更多的艺术书籍，那些关于服装的，枪械的，坦克的，关于不同文化的，关于动物的，等等。你的购书列表，不要仅仅局限在你的个人喜好里面，你应该看更多的关于那些你不了解的东西的书。而且，你要到处收集图片，整理它们，爱他们。用你的手机，相机，去拍照，拍那些你没有时间用速写记录的东西。所以这些最终的目的就是建立一个图片信息库，来激发你的灵感。你需要这些参考，让你画的正确和真实。

其实应该是图书馆，不过很多时候，你需要的不仅仅是书，有的时候是模型，玩具，或者其他道具，当然这里主要讨论书，你需要3种书，教科书，其他人的，或者电影，游戏的作品集，最重要的是参考书，所谓参考书，应该类似国家地理，时尚杂志，百科全书，各种各样的东西的照片集，看它们的说明，研究它们是如何工作的 。

Tip 4: Explore Different Mediums

4，体验不同的画材

This is when you take an idea from sketch to final painting.
Exploring other methods of creating that end piece can really yield some unexpected results and
challenge you to push yourself further into new situations. Playing with different types of paints such as oil,
acrylic, water colour or gouache are the options most people would suggest trying,
but there is more than experimenting with these. You could try air brushing, pastels,
using charcoal or taking the leap into the digital realm.
All these different mediums have their strengths that you can harness but you will never know them unless you try them out.

当你，把你的草图，进一步完善，让它成为一幅真正作品的时候，你尽量要用不同的工具，不同的方式去完成你的作品。这个过程，会给你带来意想不到的结果，并且这些经验，会让你重新理解那些你觉得你已经理解的东西。你要尝试，油画，丙烯，水彩，彩色铅笔，彩色粉笔，马克笔，钢笔，很多很多，它们会给你惊喜的，不要只是用你的photoshop和手写板。

Tip 5: Learn Some Colour Theory (At Least)

5，学颜色理论

This is a big one. Colour theory is a massive, massive subject and I can’t do it justice here.
What I would strongly suggest is investing time and money in a good colour theory book and learn from that.
Even learning only a little bit, will help your work massivley. The more you push yourself to learn, the better and better you will become.

色彩论，真的很复杂，至少你要知道色相，彩度，明度的关系，基本的色环，知道空气透视法，知道近的物体，对比度高，远的物体，对比降低之类的。你需要花些金钱和时间，去买，读那些好的色彩学的书。你学的越多，你就变的越强大。

Tip 6: Play With Perspective

6，透视，我个人觉得透视的正确与否，是一幅画成功与否的关键。

Now, by this I don’t mean completely bend the fabric of reality or attempt to mimic the works of M C Esher
(but looking at his work couldn’t hurt).
No! What I mean is take the time to learn about vanishing points, 2 point and 3 point perspectives and
how to create objects in three dimensions correctly. As this is just a tip,
I’m not going to go into the details here but there are numerous books and places on the web that cover this important area.
Learning the rules of perception will open up the possibilities of what you can draw and will broaden your artistic horizons greatly.

这里我想说的是，你至少要去弄懂1，2，3点透视，（当然还有4点，5点之类的。）弄懂如何在3维空间中正确的画出一个物体。这仅仅是一个小贴士，所以我不可能深入的讲那么多的细节，不过网络上，图书中，有很多关于这方面的讲解。学习透视，奖提高你的绘画的表现力，并且提高你的美术修养。

Tip 7: Hunt Down Your Artistic Weaknesses & Destroy Them!

7，找到你的弱点，击破它。

I was told this by an incredibly exceptional artist called Chet Zar.
This tip is something you should approach regularly and be really tough and honest with your self.
By knowing what your not good at artistically and making a conscious effort to attack it (them, could be lots of things),
will enable you to systematically grow.
For instance, if you draw a lot of humans but avoid drawing feet because you know your not that good at it,
set aside time to draw lots of feet, over and over again until they look right (just be sure not to get a foot fetish).
This links to a previous tip I did of Draw, Draw and Draw Some More!
Drawing things that you don’t draw often or at all will increase your repertoire and
will enable you to paint and illustrate more complex pictures.

Tip 8: Ask For Help & Critiques

8，寻求帮助和批评

I heard this one from numerous sources and I have to say that this is something you don’t have to do all the time.
Joining online art communities and forums will give you access to professionals who do know their stuff and can really help you improve,
but having thick skin is advised. At one point or another,
you will get some harsh and unfair comments but that is the risk of being an artist who puts art out for viewer consumption.
Never be afraid to ask for help.

Tip 9: Develop an Original Style

9，探索你的个人风格

Ah, a real tough one this as developing your own style takes time and experimentation.
By exploring lots of little different mediums and genres, you’ll soon get to know what you like and how you like to do things.
Over time, by doing things the way you want and in the subconscious way you approach a painting,
a style will emerge that will be recognizable and more importantly, it will be your style.

Tip 10: Learn to Accept Failure as a Positive Thing.

10，学会接受失败，而且是积极的接受它，找到，失败给你的提示。

Possibly one of the most important lessons an artist (or almost any professional) can learn.
Not every picture you create will come out looking the way you wanted it too and the same goes with any experiment to try out.
There is no such thing as a bad result… there are just results.
Learning to take something positive out of everything you do will change the way you look at you next piece and how you approach it.
If something doesn’t work or you don’t like it, don’t do it again or use it as a bench mark to launch yourself from in your next piece.

So, I hope that that is enough information to digest and apply into practice
Ps，我忘记这个笔记是转自哪里了，在此衷心感谢这篇文章的作者。
我想这个也没有必要逐字逐句的翻译啦。最重要的是，这篇文章，告诉你，你需要做什么。

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